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Qurabiya (also ghraybe, ghorayeba, ghoriba (Arabic: غريبة), ghribia, ghraïba, or ghriyyaba and numerous other spellings and pronunciations) is a shortbread-type biscuit, usually made with ground almonds. Versions are found in most Arab and Ottoman cuisines, with various different forms and recipes.[1][2] They are similar to polvorones from Andalusia.[3][4][5]

Qurabiya

Crescent shaped qurabiya
Type	Shortbread
Main ingredients	Almond flour, sugar, egg white, vanilla
Media: Qurabiya

In the Maghreb and Egypt, they are often served with Libyan tea, Arabic coffee or Maghrebi mint tea.

History

A recipe for a shortbread cookie similar to ghorayebah but without almonds, called in Arabic khushkanānaj gharib (exotic cookie), is given in the earliest known Arab cookbook, the 10th-century Kitab al-Ṭabīḫ.[6] Kurabiye appears in the Ottoman cuisine in the 15th century.[7]^{[dubious – discuss]}

There is some debate about the origin of the words. Some give no other origin for the Turkish word kurabiye than Turkish, while others have given Arabic or Persian.[7] Among others, linguist Sevan Nişanyan has given an Arabic origin, in his 2009 book of Turkish etymology, from ġurayb or ğarîb (exotic).[8][9] However, as of 2019, Nişanyan's online dictionary now gives the earliest known recorded use in Turkish as the late 17th century, with an origin from the Persian gulābiya, a cookie made with rose water, from gulāb, related to flowers. He notes that the Syrian Arabic words ġurābiye/ġuraybiye likely derive from the Turkish.[10]

Regional variations

Algeria

Ghribia (Algerian Arabic: غريبية)[11][12][13]

• Ghribia with almonds
• Ghribia with peanuts
• Ghribia with walnuts
• Ghribia with pistachios

Armenia

Khourabia[14] (Armenian: Ղուրաբիա) is the Armenian version sometimes referred to in English as Armenian butter cookie or Armenian shortbread cookie.[15] Khourabia was traditionally made with three ingredients: butter, sugar, and flour and usually shaped like bread, wheat ear, or horse shoe signifying health, wealth, and prosperity. It was mostly eaten during the Easter, Christmas, and New Year celebrations. Later, more ingredients were added, like eggs, cinnamon, and walnuts.

Bulgaria

Kurabii name of the Bulgarian cuisine and the many varieties of cookie, a popular sweet variety. Especially during the holiday season, and a variety of jams produced via the new year with powdered sugar cookies decorated with cute shapes are called maslenki.^{[citation needed]}

Cyprus & Greece

The Greek version, called kourabiedes or kourabiethes[1][2] (Greek: κουραμπιέδες; plural of kourabies κουραμπιές) resembles a light shortbread, typically made with almonds. Kourabiedes are sometimes made with brandy, usually Metaxa, for flavouring, though vanilla, mastika or rose water are also popular.[16] In some regions of Greece, Christmas kourabiedes are adorned with a single whole spice clove embedded in each biscuit.[17] Kourabiedes are shaped either into crescents or balls, then baked till slightly golden. They are usually rolled in icing sugar while still hot, forming a rich butter-sugar coating.[18] Kourabiedes are especially popular for special occasions, such as Christmas or baptisms.[19] though they are popular all year round.

The Greek word kourabiedes comes from the Turkish word kurabiye,[20] which is related to qurabiya, a family of Middle Eastern cookies.

Iran

In Tabriz, they are made of almond flour, sugar, egg white, vanilla, margarine and pistachio. It is served with tea, customarily placed on top of the teacup to make it soft before eating.^{[citation needed]}

Kuwait

Variants including:[21][22]

• Ghoriba with Cardamom
• Ghoriba with pistachio
• Ghoriba with saffron

Levant

• Ghoriba with pistachio
• Ghoriba with Rose water

Libya

Ghraïba Libyan Arabic translation : | غربية

• Ghoriba with peanuts
• Ghoriba with almonds
• Ghoriba with walnuts

Morocco

Ghoriba (Moroccan Arabic: غْرِيبَة) in Morocco and other parts of the Maghreb, the popular cookies often use semolina instead of white flour, giving a distinctive crunch.[1][2]

the original Ghriba is made from flour and flavored with lemon or orange zest and cinnamon, this sweet is usually served at parties, accompanied by mint tea or coffee.[23]

• Mlouwza, made with almonds and sugar flavored with orange flower water
• Ghoriba bahla
• Ghoriba dyal zite
• Ghoriba mramla

Turkey

The word kurabiye is used to refer to a variety of biscuits in Turkey, not necessarily local ones, although various types of local kurabiye are made; including acıbadem kurabiyesi and un kurabiyesi.

Tunisia

Ghraïba (Tunisian Arabic: غريبة)

• Ghraïba bidha, made with wheat flour
• Ghraïba droô, made with sorghum flour
• Ghraïba homs, made with chickpea flour

See also

• Almond cookie
• Polvorón
• Hallongrotta
• List of almond dishes
• List of shortbread biscuits and cookies
• Panellets
• Şekerpare
• Un kurabiyesi
• Osmania Biscuit
• İzmir Bomb Kurabiye
• Kavala Almond Cookies
• Murabbalı mecidiye

References

External links

• Kourambiedes (Greek Christmas Biscuits)

На других языках

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- [en] Qurabiya

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[es] Ghorabiye

La ghorabiye o qurabiyə (azerí: قرابیه qurabiyə , persa: قرابیه, turco: kurabiye) es una galleta azerí iraní de la ciudad de Tabriz, capital de la provincia iraní de Azerbaiyán Oriental. Se hace con harina de almendra, azúcar, clara de huevo, vainilla, margarina y pistacho. Se sirve con té, siendo costumbre ponerla encima de la taza para ablandarla antes de comer.

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[ru] Курабье

Курабье́ — восточная сладость в виде песочного печенья[3].

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