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A burrito (English: /bəˈriːtoʊ/, Spanish: [buˈrito] (listen))[1] is a dish in Mexican[2] and Tex-Mex cuisine[3] that took form in Mexican cuisine, consisting of a flour tortilla wrapped into a sealed cylindrical shape around various ingredients.[4] The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself. Burritos are often eaten by hand, as their tight wrapping keeps the ingredients together. Burritos can also be served "wet", i.e., covered in a savory and spicy sauce, when they would be eaten with a fork and knife.

For other uses, see Burrito (disambiguation).

Burrito
A mexican-style burrito served with some limes
TypeWrap
CourseBreakfast, lunch, and dinner
Place of originMexico
Serving temperatureHot or room temperature
Main ingredientsFlour tortillas, meat and beans or refried beans
Ingredients generally usedCheese, rice, lettuce, guacamole, salsa, sour cream
VariationsBreakfast burrito, Mission burrito

Burritos are filled with savory ingredients, most often a meat such as beef, chicken, or pork, and often include other ingredients, such as rice, cooked beans (either whole or refried), vegetables, such as lettuce and tomatoes, cheese, and condiments such as salsa, pico de gallo, guacamole, or crema.

Burritos are often contrasted with similar dishes, such as tacos, in which a small hand-sized tortilla is folded in half around the ingredients rather than wrapped and sealed, or with enchiladas, which use corn masa tortillas, and are covered in a savory sauce, to be eaten with a fork and knife.


Etymology


The word burrito means "little donkey" in Spanish, the diminutive form of burro, or "donkey". The name burrito, as applied to the dish, possibly derives from the tendency for burritos to contain a lot of different things similar to how a donkey would be able to carry a large burden.[5]


History


A basic burrito that has not been fully wrapped, with meat, refried beans, sauce and cheese
A basic burrito that has not been fully wrapped, with meat, refried beans, sauce and cheese

Before the development of the modern burrito, the Maya civilization of Mexico used corn tortillas as early as 1500 B.C. to wrap foods, with fillings of chili peppers, tomatoes, mushrooms, squash, and avocados.[6] Historically, the Pueblo peoples of the Southwestern US also made tortillas filled with beans and meat sauce and prepared much like the modern burrito.[7] But these preparations could also be said to be the origin of the simpler taco, rather than the modern burrito.

The precise origin of the modern burrito is not known. In the 1895 Diccionario de Mejicanismos by Feliz Ramos i Duarte, the burrito or taco was identified as a regional item from the Mexican state of Guanajuato and defined as "Tortilla arrollada, con carne u otra cosa dentro, que en Yucatán llaman coçito, y en Cuernavaca y en Mexico, taco" (A rolled tortilla with meat or other ingredients inside, called 'coçito' in Yucatán and 'taco' in the city of Cuernavaca and in Mexico City).[8][9] Some have speculated that it may have originated with vaqueros, the cowboys of northern Mexico in the 19th century.[6][8]

An often repeated piece of folk history is the story of a man named Juan Méndez who sold tacos at a street stand in the Bella Vista neighborhood of Ciudad Juárez during the Mexican Revolution period (1910–1921), while using a donkey as a transport for himself and his food.[10] To keep the food warm, Méndez wrapped it in large homemade flour tortillas underneath a small tablecloth. As the "food of the burrito" (i.e., "food of the little donkey") grew in popularity, "burrito" was eventually adopted as the name for these large tacos.[6]

Another origin story tells of Ciudad Juárez in the 1940s, where a street food vendor created the tortilla-wrapped food to sell to poor children at a state-run middle school. The vendor would call the children his "burritos", because burro is a colloquial term for a dunce or dullard. Eventually, the somewhat derogatory but endearing term for the children was transferred to the food that they ate.[6]

In 1923, Alejandro Borquez opened the Sonora Cafe in Los Angeles that later changed its name to El Cholo Spanish Cafe.[11] Burritos first appeared on American restaurant menus at the El Cholo Spanish Cafe in Los Angeles during the 1930s.[12] Burritos were mentioned in the U.S. media for the first time in 1934,[13] appearing in the Mexican Cookbook, a collection of regional recipes from New Mexico that was written by historian Erna Fergusson.[14] In 1956, a frozen burrito was developed in Southern California.[15][16]: 192 


Development of regional varieties



Mexico


Burritos are a traditional food of Ciudad Juárez, a city bordering El Paso, Texas, in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua, where people buy them at restaurants and roadside stands. Northern Mexican border towns like Villa Ahumada have an established reputation for serving burritos. Authentic Mexican burritos are usually small and thin, with flour tortillas containing only one or two of several ingredients: either some form of meat or fish, potato, rice, beans, asadero cheese, chile rajas, or chile relleno.[17] Other ingredients may include: barbacoa, mole, refried beans and cheese (a "bean and cheese" burrito), or deshebrada (shredded slow-cooked flank steak). The deshebrada burrito has a variation with chile colorado (mild to moderately hot) and one with salsa verde (very hot). The Mexican burrito may be a northern variation of the traditional taco de Canasta, which is eaten for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.[18]

Although burritos are one of the most popular examples of Mexican cuisine outside of Mexico, they are only popular in the northern part of Mexico. However, they are beginning to appear in some nontraditional venues in other parts of Mexico. Wheat flour tortillas (used in burritos) are now often seen throughout much of Mexico (possibly due to these areas being less than optimal for growing maize or corn), despite at one time being particular to northwestern Mexico, the Southwestern US Mexican-American community, and Pueblo Indian tribes.

Burritos are commonly called tacos de harina ("wheat flour tacos") in Central Mexico and Southern Mexico, and burritas (the feminine variation with 'a') in "northern-style" restaurants outside of northern Mexico proper. A long and thin fried burrito called a chivichanga, which is similar to a chimichanga, is prepared in the state of Sonora and vicinity.[19]

A variation of the burrito found in the Mexican state of Sonora is known as the burro percherón.[citation needed]


San Francisco Mission burrito


Main article: Mission burrito
Mission-style burrito containing shredded pork, beans, and rice
Mission-style burrito containing shredded pork, beans, and rice

The origins of the Mission burrito or Mission-style burrito can be traced back to San Francisco, in the Mission District taquerías of the 1960s and 1970s. This type of burrito is produced on a steam table assembly line, and is characterized by a large stuffed flour tortilla wrapped in aluminum foil, and may include fillings such as carne asada (beef), Mexican-style rice, whole beans (not refritos), sour cream and onion.

Febronio Ontiveros claims to have offered the first retail burrito in San Francisco in 1961 at El Faro ("The Lighthouse"), a corner grocery store on Folsom Street. Ontiveros claims credit for inventing the "super burrito", a style which may have led to the early development of the "San Francisco style". This innovative style involves the addition of rice, sour cream and guacamole to the standard burrito of meat, beans, and cheese.[20][21] The Mission burrito emerged as a regional culinary movement during the 1970s and 1980s. The popularity of San Francisco-style burritos has grown locally at Mission Street taquerias like El Farolito, and nationally at chains like Chipotle Mexican Grill,[22] Illegal Pete's, Chevy's Fresh Mex, Freebirds World Burrito, Qdoba, and Barberitos. Chili's had a brief stint with "Fresh Mex" foods and burritos between 2015 and 2017.[23] In 1995, World Wrapps opened in San Francisco's Marina District and brought a burrito-inspired wrap style to the restaurant industry.[24]


San Diego


Contents of a carne asada burrito
Contents of a carne asada burrito

San Diego-style burritos include "California burritos" and carne asada burritos. The style has been described by food writers as an "austere meal of meat, cheese and salsa", a contrast to the Mission-style burrito, which is typically larger and always contains more ingredients.[25] A significant subgroup of Mexican restaurants in San Diego serves burritos described as "no-frills" and, in contrast to Mission-style burritos, the assembly line is not used.[16]: 165 [26]

In the early 1960s, Roberto Robledo opened a tortilleria in San Diego and learned the restaurant business. Robledo began selling small bean burritos (or burrititos) at La Lomita in the late 1960s, and by 1970, he had established the first Roberto's Taco Shop. By 1999, Roberto's restaurants had expanded to a chain of 60 taco shops offering fresh burritos known for their distinctive quality. Hoping to draw on the prestige of Roberto's, new taco shops in San Diego began using the "-bertos" suffix, with names like Alberto's, Filiberto's, Hilberto's, and others.[16]: 166–169 [27]

Contents of a California burrito
Contents of a California burrito

The California burrito originated at an unknown -berto's named restaurant in San Diego in the 1980s.[16]: 165, 168  The Fresh MXN chain (formerly Santana's) also claimed to be the originator of the California burrito.[28] The earliest-known published mention was in a 1995 article in the Albuquerque Tribune.[29] The California burrito[30] typically consists of chunks of carne asada meat, French fries, cheese, and either cilantro, pico de gallo, sour cream, onion, or guacamole (or some combination of these five).[16]: 153 [31][32][33] The ingredients are similar to those used in the "carne asada fries" dish, and it is considered a staple of the local cuisine of San Diego.[34][35] With the merging of French fries and more traditional burrito fillings, the California burrito is an example of fusion border food.[26][35][36] The California burrito has also been described as a "trans-class" food item, as it is regularly consumed by people across socioeconomic lines.[37] Variants of this burrito may add shrimp (surf and turf),[38] or substitute carnitas (pork)[39] or chicken[35] for carne asada.

The carne asada burrito is considered one of the regional foods of San Diego.[40] Carolynn Carreno has said that to San Diegans, "carne asada burritos are as integral to the experience of the place as a slice of (pizza) pie is to a New Yorker."[41] The San Diego-style carne asada burrito is served with chunks of carne asada, guacamole, and pico de gallo salsa.[42][43] This "wall-to-wall" use of meat contrasts to burrito styles that use rice and beans as filler ingredients.[44]


Los Angeles


A photograph of a hand holding a chile relleno burrito wrapped in yellow paper from Al and Bea's in the Boyle Heights neighborhood in Los Angeles.
A photograph of a hand holding a chile relleno burrito wrapped in yellow paper from Al and Bea's in the Boyle Heights neighborhood in Los Angeles.

Los Angeles also has several unique local burrito varieties. The first is the most traditional and is exemplified by the versions at Mexican-American restaurants such as Al & Bea's, Lupe's #2, and Burrito King.[45][46] These restaurants have often been in existence for decades, and they offer a distinctly Americanized menu compared with the typical taqueria. The burrito of L.A. itself can take multiple forms, but is almost always dominated by some combination of: refried beans, meat (often stewed beef or chili), and cheese (usually cheddar), with rice and other ingredients typical of Mission burritos offered as add-ons, if at all.[47]

The most basic version of this burrito consists of only beans and cheese; beyond this, there are the "green chile" and "red chile" burritos, which may simply mean the addition of chiles or a meatless chile sauce to the plain beans (as at Al & Bea's), meat or cheese as well.[48] Rice, again, is rarely included, which, along with the choice of chiles, is one of the style's most defining traits.[46] The menu will then usually go on to list multiple other combinations, such as beef and bean, all-beef, a "special" with further ingredients, etc. If the restaurant also offers hamburgers and sandwiches, it may sell a burrito version of these, such as a "hot dog burrito".[49]

In addition to the version described, Los Angeles is also home to three burrito styles that can be said to fall under the category of Mexican fusion cuisine.[50] The first is the famed "kosher burrito," served since 1946 at its eponymous restaurant at 1st Street and Main in Downtown Los Angeles.[51] Another is the Korean kogi burrito, invented by American chef Roy Choi, the first to combine Mexican and Korean cuisines.[52][53] The kogi burrito was named the seventh best burrito in Los Angeles in 2012 by the LA Weekly.[52] The kogi burrito is accented with chile-soy vinaigrette, sesame oil, and fresh lime juice. Food writer Cathy Chaplin has said that "this is what Los Angeles tastes like."[54] Finally, there is the sushi burrito, most notably the version sold at the Jogasaki food truck.[55] Wrapped in flour tortillas, sushi burritos include such fillings as spicy tuna, tempura, and cucumber.[54]

The existence of such a large truly Mexican community in Los Angeles also makes it possible to find a variety of authentic burrito dishes from different regions of Mexico: from Oaxaca to Hidalgo.[52]


Variations and similar dishes





Research


Taco Bell research chef Anne Albertine experimented with grilling burritos to enhance portability. This grilling technique allowed large burritos to remain sealed without spilling their contents.[63] This is a well-known cooking technique used by some San Francisco taquerias and Northern Mexican burrito stands. Traditionally, grilled burritos are cooked on a comal (griddle).

Bean burritos, which are high in protein and low in saturated fat, have been touted for their health benefits.[64] Black bean burritos are also a good source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals.[65]


See also



References


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  2. Ramos y Duarte, Féliz (1895). Diccionario de Mejicanismos. Imprenta de Eduardo Dublan. p. 98.
    Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (2012). Planet Taco: A Global History of Mexican Food. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-19-991158-5.
    Arreola, Daniel D. (January 1, 2010). Tejano South Texas: A Mexican American Cultural Province. University of Texas Press. pp. 174–175. ISBN 978-0-292-79314-9.
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  3. Anand, Karen (2005). International Cooking With Karen Anand. Popular Prakashan. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-7154-908-5.
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    Armendariz Sanz, Jose Luis. Gastronomía y nutrición (in Spanish). Ediciones Paraninfo, S.A. p. 86. ISBN 978-84-9732-440-3.
  4. Griffith, Dotty (January 9, 2018). The Ultimate Tortilla Press Cookbook: 125 Recipes for All Kinds of Make-Your-Own Tortillas--and for Burritos, Enchiladas, Tacos, and More. Harvard Common Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-7603-5488-9.
    Morton, Paula E. (October 15, 2014). Tortillas: A Cultural History. UNM Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-8263-5215-6.
    Sparks, Pat; Swanson, Barbara (March 15, 1993). Tortillas!: 75 Quick and Easy Ways to Turn Simple Tortillas Into Healthy Snacks and Mealtime Feasts. St. Martin's Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-312-08912-2.
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  7. Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2002). "Snack foods". Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations. New York: Facts On File, Inc. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-4381-0990-9.
  8. Cumo, Christopher (June 30, 2015). Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present. ABC-CLIO. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-1-4408-3537-7.
  9. Ramos y Duarte, Féliz (1895). Diccionario de Mejicanismos. Imprenta de Eduardo Dublan. p. 98.
  10. See, e.g., van Berkmoes, Ryan (2009). California Trips. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74220-390-4.
  11. Shindler, Merrill (February 2001). Comfort Food. Los Angeles Business Journal. Archived from the original on May 20, 2005. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
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  13. Smith, Andrew F. (1999). "Tacos, Enchiladas and Refried Beans: The Invention of Mexican-American Cookery". In Mary Wallace Kelsey; ZoeAnn Holmes (eds.). Cultural and Historical Aspects of Foods. Corvallis: Oregon State University. pp. 183–203. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012.
  14. Smith, Andrew F. (2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2.
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  17. Franz, Carl; Havens, Lorena (2006). The People's Guide to Mexico. Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 379. ISBN 1-56691-711-5.
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  23. "Chili's to roll out burritos". Nation's Restaurant News. July 28, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
    Pennell, Julie. "Chili's is getting rid of a bunch of menu items". TODAY.com. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  24. Hanson, Gayle M.B. (December 2, 1996). "It's a Wrap! California offers America the next food craze". Insight on the News. Retrieved April 25, 2007.
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  27. Williams, Jack (June 20, 1999). "Roberto Robledo, 70; made chain of Roberto's taco shops an institution". San Diego Union-Tribune.
  28. Sobel, Ben (September 25, 2013). "Move Over, Ramen Burger: The French Fry-stuffed Burrito Is California's Secret Frankenfood". GQ. Conde Nast. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  29. Arellano, Gustavo (13 May 2011). "When Did the California Burrito Become the California Burrito?". OC Weekly. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
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  33. Hauck-Lawson, Annie S. (1998). "When Food is the Voice: A Case Study of a Polish-American Woman". Journal for the Study of Food and Society. Association for the Study of Food and Society. 2 (6): 23. doi:10.2752/152897998786690592.
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    Berkmoes, Ryan Ver; Averbuck, Alexis; Bender, Andrew; Bing, Alison; Cavalieri, Nate; Channell, Dominique; Kohn, Beth (October 1, 2010). Lonely Planet California Trips. Lonely Planet. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-74220-390-4.
    Cappello, Nile (July 22, 2013). "California Burrito: Get To Know This Local Favorite". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  34. See for example: Berkmoes, Ryan; Benson, Sara (2009). "California Iconic Trips: A Burrito Odyssey". California Trips. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74179-727-5.
  35. Pike, Ian (October 3, 2012). "The California Burrito, Part 1: Potatoes?". San Diego Reader. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  36. Ryan, Richard (Winter 2003). "Is it border cuisine, or merely a case of NAFTA indigestion?". Journal for the Study of Food and Society. 6 (2): 21–30. doi:10.2752/152897903786769607. S2CID 143599750.
  37. Wyer, Sarah C. (Fall 2014). "The San Diego Burrito". Digest. Chaplain College. 3 (2). Archived from the original on May 29, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
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    Deal, Chad. "Burrito Barato: Surfin' California at Lucha Libre". San Diego Reader. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
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  40. Matthew Lombardi; Eric Wechter, eds. (2011). Fodor's Essential USA: Spectacular Cities, Natural Wonders, and Great American Road Trips. Fodor's Travel. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-307-48058-3.
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  43. Billing, Karen (August 17, 2007). "Roberto's restaurant provides beach burrito bliss". Del Mar Times. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014., 15 Jan 2013.)
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  47. Gold, Jonathan (May 12, 2009). "Ask Mr. Gold: Battle Burrito – L.A. vs. S.F." LA Weekly. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  48. Gold, Jonathan (January 26, 2006). "Old-School Bean & Cheese". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
  49. "Lupe's #2". Chowhound. November 19, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  50. Schrag, Peter (December 1, 2007). California: America's High-Stakes Experiment. University of California Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-520-93447-4.
  51. Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (October 18, 2012). Planet Taco: A Global History of Mexican Food. Oxford University Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-19-974006-2.
  52. Cabral, Javier (January 12, 2012). "9 Best Burritos in Los Angeles". Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
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  54. Chaplin, Cathy (December 17, 2013). Food Lovers' Guide To® Los Angeles: The Best Restaurants, Markets & Local Culinary Offerings. Globe Pequot. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-7627-8112-6.
  55. Tan, Rebecca Lynne (October 20, 2013). "Mex out on food - Mexican cuisine hits Singapore in a big way, with more eateries". The Sunday Times (Singapore).
  56. Palmatier, Robert Allen. (2000) Food: a dictionary of literal and nonliteral terms Greenwood Press. p. 372.
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  61. Partaker, Eric (May 2, 2019). The Chilango Burrito Bible. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 978-0-7515-7352-7.
  62. Rosner, Helen (September 12, 2019). "America's First Taco Editor Says That Burritos Are Actually Tacos". The New Yorker.
  63. Crosby, Olivia. (Fall, 2002). You're a What? Research Chef Archived December 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Occupational Outlook Quarterly. Vol. 46, Num. 3.
  64. Clinical Lipidology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, Christie M. Ballantyne, ed. 2009. p.228.
  65. The University of Pennsylvania Health System. Breakfast, Dinner or Anytime Burrito. Adapted from the Cancer Nutrition Information, LLC. Archive URL: Mar 25, 2006.

Further reading





На других языках

- [en] Burrito

[es] Burrito (comida)

El burrito, burrito de harina[1] o burro[2] (en Sonora) es un plato de origen mexicano que consiste en una tortilla de harina de trigo enrollada en forma cilíndrica rellena de diversos ingredientes y que se suele acompañar de frijoles refritos. Se hace siempre doblando una tortilla usualmente de menor tamaño que la del burrito alrededor del relleno, que puede ser prácticamente de cualquier alimento o guiso.

[ru] Буррито

Бурри́то (исп. burrito, «ослик», уменьшительное от исп. burro — осёл) — мексиканское блюдо, состоящее из мягкой пшеничной лепёшки (тортильи), в которую завёрнута разнообразная начинка, к примеру, рубленое мясо, пережаренные бобы, рис, помидоры, авокадо или сыр. По желанию в блюдо также добавляется салат, сметана и сальса на основе перца чили.


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