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Dijon mustard (French: Moutarde de Dijon) is a traditional mustard of France, named after the town of Dijon in Burgundy, France, which was the center of mustard making in the late Middle Ages and was granted exclusive rights in France in the 17th century.[1] First used in 1336 for the table of King Philip VI,[2] it assumed its current form in 1856 when Jean Naigeon of Dijon replaced the vinegar usually used in prepared mustard with verjuice, the acidic juice of unripe grapes.[3]

Dijon mustard
A teaspoon of Dijon mustard
TypeCondiment
Place of originFrance
Region or stateBurgundy
Main ingredientsMustard seeds, white wine or wine vinegar, water, salt
Similar dishesCreole mustard, Kasundi
A jar of Maille brand Dijon mustard
A jar of Maille brand Dijon mustard

The main ingredients of the modern condiment are brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) and a mixture of white wine, vinegar, water, and salt designed to imitate the original verjuice.[4][5][6] It can be used as an accompaniment to all meats in its usual form as a paste, or it can be mixed with other ingredients to make a sauce.[7]


Manufacturing process


  1. Seeds are examined, cleaned, dried, and stored
  2. Seeds are soaked
  3. Seeds are crushed and ground on corundum stone mill
  4. Hulls and bran are sifted out via screening device
  5. Liquids added to the seed flour
  6. Seasonings and/or flavorings are added
  7. Mustard paste is heated and cooled
  8. The mustard is bottled and packed for shipment [8]

Commercial production


In 2008, the Anglo-Dutch group Unilever, which had several mustard plants in Europe, closed the Amora manufacturing plant. Since July 15 2009, Dijon mustard is no longer manufactured and packaged in the town of Dijon, but in the neighbouring town of Chevigny-Saint-Sauveur,[9] and 80% of mustard seeds used in the manufacture of contemporary Dijon mustard come from Canada.[10] The Grey Poupon mustard brand available in the United States originated in Dijon in 1866.[11]


2022 shortage in France


Due to smaller than usual Canadian crop of mustard seeds in 2021, a shortage of dijon mustard began in France in 2022.[12] The shortfall in Canadian production was caused by a heatwave, attributable to climate change.[12] The shortage has been exacerbated by stockpiling by consumers.[13]


Geographical indications


Dijon mustard does not have a protected geographical indication (PGI). 80% of seeds used to make the mustard come from Canada.[12] A 1937 decree ruled that "Dijon mustard" can be used as generic designation and has no link to a specific terroir.[14] However "moutarde de Bourgogne" has a PGI and its seeds have to be produced in Bourgogne.[15]


See also



References


  1. Carrier, Robert (1981). Robert Carrier's Kitchen. London: Marshall and Cavendish. p. 2377.
  2. "The Dijon Mustard". Regions of France. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  3. Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert (18 August 2008). 75 Exceptional Herbs for Your Garden. Gibbs Smith. p. 170. ISBN 9781423608776.
  4. Lund, B.; Baird-Parker, T.C.; Gould, G.W. (2000). Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food. The Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food. Springer. p. 823. ISBN 978-0-8342-1323-4. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  5. "The Difference Between Dijon and Yellow Mustard". fitday.com.
  6. "Just don't call it French mustard". connexionfrance.com. January 2009.
  7. Blumenthal, Heston. "The Essential flourless Mustard Sauce". Masterchef Australia. Tenplay. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  8. Roberts-Dominguez, Jan. (1993). The mustard book. New York: Macmillan Pub. ISBN 0-02-603641-X. OCLC 27975443.
  9. Manzella, Luisa (13 July 2009). "Amora Dijon ferme définitivement ses portes après deux siècles d'activité" (in French). Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  10. "La moutarde de Dijon vient du Canada". www.journaldunet.com (in French). Retrieved 2016-05-18.
  11. Lee, Laura. The Name's Familiar II. ISBN 9781455609178.
  12. Cohen, Roger (14 July 2022). "France Faces a Shortage of Mustard, Its Uniquely Beloved Condiment". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  13. Torsoli, Albertina (10 August 2022). "French Shoppers Face Up to Life Without Dijon Mustard". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  14. Figaro, Madame (2018-02-22). "Camembert, moutarde de Dijon, jambon Aoste, champignons de Paris... 7 "faux" produits du terroir passés au crible". Madame Figaro. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  15. "Fiche produit". www.inao.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2021-08-01.


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На других языках

- [en] Dijon mustard

[ru] Дижонская горчица

Дижонская горчица (фр. Moutarde de Dijon) — традиционная французская горчица, названная в честь города Дижона в Бургундии.


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