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Tom yum or tom yam (UK: /ˌtɒm ˈjæm, - ˈjʌm/, US: /- ˈjɑːm/;[3] Thai: ต้มยำ, RTGS: tom yam [tôm jām] (listen)) is a type of hot and sour Thai soup,[3] usually cooked with shrimp (prawn).[4]

Tom yum
Tom yum kung as served in Bangkok, Thailand
Alternative namesTom yam
TypeSoup
CourseLunch
Place of originCentral Thailand[1][2]
Region or stateSoutheast Asia
Associated national cuisineThailand
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsBroth, lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lime juice, fish sauce, chili peppers

The words "tom yam" are derived from two Thai words. Tom refers to the boiling process, while yam means 'mixed'. Tom yum is characterised by its distinct hot and sour flavours, with fragrant spices and herbs generously used in the broth. The soup is also made with fresh ingredients such as lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal, lime juice, fish sauce, and crushed red chili peppers. The tom yum seasoning has been investigated as a potential functional food and a natural antimicrobial because of its kaffir lime leaf and red chili content.[5]

Commercial tom yum paste is made by crushing all the herb ingredients and stir frying in oil, then adding seasoning and other preservative ingredients.The paste is bottled or packaged and sold around the world. Tom yum flavored with the paste may have different characteristics from that made with fresh herb ingredients. The soup often includes meats such as shrimp, chicken, or pork.


Preparation


The taste of tom yum is based on sour and spicy flavors. A paste called nam prik pao is prepared as a base of the soup,[6] to which water, herbs and meat are added. The nam prik pao is made from roasted chilies, shallots, and garlic and the ingredients are best grilled on a charcoal fire.[7]

The basic ingredient of tom yum is shrimp or pork. The most popular tom yum base is river shrimp called tom yum goong.

The essential ingredients of tom yum are herbs such as lemongrass, galangal, and kaffir lime leaves.[6] Other ingredients are also important, especially Thai chilies, mushroom, coriander leaf (cilantro), tomatoes, sweet white onions, lime juice, sugar, and fish sauce.[6] Tom yum nam khon is a variety with coconut milk or evaporated milk.


Selected types


Tom yam kung maphrao on nam khon, as served in Uttaradit, Thailand
Tom yam kung maphrao on nam khon, as served in Uttaradit, Thailand
Ready-to-use bundles of lemongrass, galangal, lime leaves, and, for chicken tom yam, also turmeric, are sold at Thai markets
Ready-to-use bundles of lemongrass, galangal, lime leaves, and, for chicken tom yam, also turmeric, are sold at Thai markets

In the modern popularized versions the soup also contains mushrooms—usually straw mushrooms or oyster mushrooms. The soup is often topped with a generous sprinkling of fresh chopped cilantro (coriander leaves). Sometimes Thai chili jam (nam phrik phao, Thai: น้ำพริกเผา) is added: this gives the soup a bright orange color and makes the chili flavor more pronounced.


Other spicy and sour soups


Less well known outside Thailand is tom khlong (ต้มโคล้ง), a spicy sour soup where the sourness, however, does not derive from lime juice but through the use of tamarind.[16] Tom som (Thai: ต้มส้ม) are soups that are also very similar to tom yum but most often do not contain lemongrass or kaffir lime leaves. Depending on the type of tom som, the acidity can be derived from lime juice or from the use of tamarind.[17][18]


Outside Thailand



Malaysia


Tom yum, locally spelled as tomyam, is very well-received among Malaysians since its introduction around the 1980s.[19][20] The cuisine is now considered a must-have on most restaurant menus in Malaysia, especially the peninsular states.[20] As of 2018, the popularity of Tom yum and other Thai dishes had brought employment to at least 120,000 south Thai cooks, working restaurants mainly in Selangor state and the capital city of Kuala Lumpur, and owning 5000 to 6000 Thai restaurants throughout the country.[20][19]


See also



References


  1. "Tom Yum Gai – Suwanee's Kitchen". Chiang Rai Times. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  2. "The homemade hot sour soup that packs a punch". whitsunday coast guardian. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  3. "tom yam". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. "Tom Yam Kung : Not only tasty but with medicinal properties - Thiaways". thaiwaysmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  5. Siripongvutikorn, Sunisa; Thummaratwasik, Paiboon; Huang, Yao-wen (June 2005). "Antimicrobial and antioxidation effects of Thai seasoning, Tom-Yum". LWT - Food Science and Technology. 38 (4): 347–352. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2004.06.006.
  6. "Tom Yum Soup Recipe (ต้มยำกุ้ง) - Authentic Thai Style". Thai Street Food, Restaurants, and Recipes | Eating Thai Food. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  7. "Thai Roasted Chili Paste Nahm Prik Pao) Recipe - Food.com". Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  8. "Overview of Tom Yum soup from late 19th-century Siam to present day Thailand". Thaifoodmaster. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  9. "Ancient Siamese Recipe for Tom Yum Soup with Snakehead Fish, Roasted Chili Jam and Green Mango (First Published in 1890) (Dtohm Yam Bplaa Chaawn, ต้มยำปลาช่อนแบบโบราณ อย่างหม่อมซ่มจีน ราชานุประพันธุ์ ร.ศ.๑๐๙)". Thaifoodmaster. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  10. "Tom Yam Kung". thaiwaysmagazine.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  11. "Tom Yam Kung Recipe, Hot and Sour Soup with Shrimp". thaifoodmaster.com. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  12. "Spicecuisine.com". Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  13. "Merry's Kitchen – Sour and Spicy Chicken Soup (Tom Yam Kai)". melroseflowers.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  14. "Spicecuisine.com". Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  15. "ต้มยำขาหมู". YouTube. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  16. "Allthaifood.com". www.allthaifood.com. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  17. "Clay's Kitchen : Tam Ra Ahan Thai (Thai Recipes) ตำราอาหารไทย". panix.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  18. "Clay's Kitchen : Tam Ra Ahan Thai (Thai Recipes) ตำราอาหารไทย". panix.com. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  19. "Tukang masak bercuti Raya, kita pula yang berlapar". Free Malaysia Today (in Malay). 29 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  20. "Restoran Tomyam Ada Di Setiap Ceruk Semenanjung". mStar (in Malay). 17 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2021.



На других языках


- [en] Tom yum

[es] Tom yum

Tom yum (tailandés: ต้มยำ, denominado a veces como tom yam) se trata de una sopa originaria de Tailandia y se puede decir que es uno de los platos más conocidos de la cocina tailandesa.

[ru] Том ям

Том ям (лаос. ຕົ້ມຍຳ [tôm ɲam]; тайск. ต้มยำ, [tôm jam]) — кисло-острый суп с креветками, курицей, рыбой или другими морепродуктами. Национальное блюдо Лаоса и Таиланда. Также употребляется в соседних странах: Малайзии, Сингапуре и Индонезии.



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