Fernet-Branca (Italian pronunciation:[ferˌnɛtˈbraŋka]) is an Italian brand of fernet, a style of amaro or bitters. It was formulated in Milan in 1845, and is manufactured there by Fratelli Branca Distillerie.[1]
Fernet-Branca was formulated in Milan in 1845 by a self-taught herbalist, Bernardino Branca, who with his sons set up a business to manufacture and sell it.[2] It was marketed as a pick-me-up and as a cure for worms, for fever, for cholera[3] and for menstrual pain.[2] From 1886 the company published annual calendars with works by well-known artists.[4] The eagle-and-globe logo was designed in 1893 by Leopoldo Metlicovitz.[5]
The company began exporting to Argentina in 1907, and in 1925 established a distillery in Buenos Aires.[6] In the United States the drink became popular after the passage of prohibition laws in 1919, as it was sold in pharmacies as a medicinal product.[7][2] By 1936 Branca had set up a branch office in Tribeca, New York to satisfy American demand.[2][8] Production in the United States peaked at 60,000 cases in 1960.[2]
Formulation
Fernet and Coke, common in Uruguay and Argentina
Fernet-Branca is produced according to the original recipe.[citation needed][lower-alpha 1] It is made from 27 herbs and other ingredients;[12] its complete formula is a trade secret. Sources have reported that its recipe includes chinese rhubarb, aloe ferox (bitter aloe), cinchona, chocolate,[13] quinine[14] and angelica.[15] The Branca Distillery states on its web site that the drink contains "Rhubarb from China, Gentian from France, Galanga from India or from Sri Lanka, (and) Chamomile from Europe [or] Argentina",[16] as well as linden (tiliae flos), iris, saffron, zedoary, myrrh and cinchona.[17]
Fernet-Branca has a higher alcohol content, at 39%, and lower sugar content than most other amari.[18] It is aged in oak barrels for a year.[18]
The manufacturer also offers a sweeter, mint-flavored liqueur, Branca Menta.
Consumption
Fernet-Branca ad before 1900
Fernet-Branca is often consumed neat as a digestif, typically served in a cordial glass, or as a mixing component (usually supportive and not as the primary ingredient) in cocktails such as the "Toronto",[19] the "Fanciulli" and the "Hanky Panky".
In Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay, fernet con coca—Fernet-Branca with Coca-Cola—is a popular drink.[20] The cocktail is popular in Argentina,[21] with some statistics reporting that the country consumes more than 75% of all fernet produced globally.[22]
In the US it has been referred to as "The Bartender’s Handshake".[18][23] Some 35% of all Fernet-Branca imported into the US is reportedly consumed in San Francisco.[24]
Advertisement for the Argentine Centennial, 1910
Notes & references
After the Psychotropic Substances Act (United States) was passed in 1978, the recipe was changed in order to bring opiates down to legal levels.[9][10][2][11]
Lichine, Alexis (1987). New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits (6thed.). p.233. ISBN978-0304311248.
Cavalieri, Nate (7 December 2005). "The Myth of Fernet". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"Frateli Branca Destilerías - Institucional". 31 May 2020. Con las migraciones italianas de fines del siglo XIX llegó Fernet Branca a la Argentina. Debido a su gran aceptación, la compañía decidió en 1925 que la empresa Hofer & C. de Buenos Aires -concesionaria exclusiva para la venta del famoso “amaro” italiano- elaborara la bebida a partir del extracto enviado desde la casa matriz italiana.
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